Given these issues, the client can be expected to undergo a course of grief, which can be normal or pathological. Additionally, for some clients, alteration or removal of the breast is a loss. The breast cancer client is presented with a threat to her survival and must come to grips with the potential of a terminal outcome even if it is not actually present. The following are nursing diagnoses associated with the management of breast cancer.īelow are sample nursing care plans for the problems identified above. Every step of the way for a breast cancer client is rigorous, difficult, and frustrating, and nurses could hold their hand in every step of the way. Nursing care planning for a client with breast cancer encompasses a lot of aspects in care, from the assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation. This fails in those with breast cancer disease leading to tumor growth and spread. In a normal individual, the immune system attacks cells with abnormal DNA or abnormal growth.
Thus the family history of ovarian or breast cancer increases the risk for breast cancer development. Sometimes there will be an inheritance of DNA defects or pre-cancerous genes. the use of contraceptives and hormonal replacement therapy also contributes to the development of breast cancer.īreast cancer develops due to DNA damage and genetic mutations that can be influenced by exposure to estrogen. The onset of menarche before 12 years of age, first live childbirth after 30 years, nulliparity, and menopause after age 55 years also increase a client’s breast cancer risk. A history of cancer in one breast increases the likelihood of a second primary cancer in the contralateral breast, and a family history of breast cancer in the first degree has a 2-fold to3-fold excess risk for developing the disease. Most breast cancers occur in women, although there are also documented cases among men. The age-adjusted incidence of breast cancer continues to increase with the advancing age of the female population. Identifying factors associated with an increased incidence of breast cancer development is important in general health screening for women. Breast cancer is often detected as an abnormality on a mammogram before it is felt by the client or healthcare provider. Many earl breast carcinomas are asymptomatic pain or discomfort is not usually a symptom of breast cancer. Most of these are epithelial tumors or ductal or lobular origin. It is the second most common cause of death from cancer among women in the world.īreast cancer is the common term for a set of breast tumor subtypes with distinct molecular and cellular origins and clinical behavior. Breast cancer is the most common cancer diagnosed in women, accounting for more than 1 in 10 new cancer diagnoses each year. In 2020, there were an estimated 2.26 million new cases of invasive breast cancer worldwide. The beginning of the 21st century saw a dramatic decrease in breast cancer incidence in several Westernized countries.
The final decades of the 20th century saw a worldwide increase in the incidence of breast cancer, with the highest rates reported in Westernized countries.
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